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Sei Iwai, MD, Daniel J. Cantillon, MD, Robert J. Kim, MD, Steven M. Markowitz, MD, Suneet Mittal, MD, Kenneth M. Stein, MD, Bindi K. Shah, MD, Ravi K. Yarlagadda, MD, Jim W. Cheung, MD, Vivian R. Tan, MD, Bruce B. Lerman,
Abstract
Introduction: "Idiopathic" ventricular arrhythmias most often arise from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), although arrhythmias from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) are also observed. While previous work has elucidated the mechanism and electropharmacologic profile of RVOT arrhythmias, it is unclear whether those from the LVOT share these properties. The purpose of this study was to characterize the electropharmacologic properties of RVOT and LVOT arrhythmias.
Methods and Results: One hundred twenty-two consecutive patients (61 male; 50.9 ± 15.2 years) with outflow tract arrhythmias comprise this series, 100 (82%) with an RVOT origin, and 22 (18%) with an LVOT origin. The index arrhythmia was similar: sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) (RVOT = 28%, LVOT = 36%), nonsustained VT (RVOT=40%, LVOT=23%), and premature ventricular complexes (RVOT = 32%, LVOT = 41%) (P = 0.32). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and microvolt T-wave alternans results (normal/indeterminate) were also comparable. In addition, 41% with RVOT foci and 50% with LVOT foci were inducible for sustained VT (P = 0.48), and induction of VT was catecholamine dependent in a majority of
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Abstract
Mối liên quan giữa biến cố mạch vành cấp tính và phản ứng dị ứng đã được công nhân trong nhiều năm. Trường hợp đầu tiên được báo cáo vào năm 1950, trong một phản ứng dị ứng với penicillin. Năm 1991, Kounis và Zavras mô tả hội chứng đau thắt ngực do dị ứng và dị ứng gây nhồi máu cơ tim, hiện nay được gọi là hội chứng Kounis. Có 2 loại được mô tả: loại I, xảy ra ở những bệnh nhân không có các tổn thương thực thể động mạch vành và được gây ra bởi sự co thắt động mạch vành, và loại II, xảy ra ở bệnh nhân có thương thực thể mạch vàkhi các sự kiện dị ứng gây ra xói mòn mảng bám hoặc làm vỡ các mãng xơ vữa. Hội chứng này đã được báo cáo gắn với một loạt các yếu tố tiếp xúc với môi trường, và tiếp xúc với thuốc. Trong bài này, chúng tôi thảo luận về các bệnh lý, các yếu tố gây dị ứng, các triệu chứng liên quan, và điều trị hội chứng Kounis.
Braunwald lưu ý rằng đau thắt ngực vasospastic có thể được gây ra bởi các phản ứng dị ứng, với các trung gian như histamin và leukotrienes tác động lên cơ trơn mạch máu vành. [8,9] do đó, đau thắt ngực dị ứng và dị ứng nhồi máu cơ tim đã trở thành công nhận là hội chứng Kounis. [6,7]
Hội chứng Kounis (KS), hoặc sự đồng thuận của biến cố mạch vành cấp tính với các phản ứng dị ứng hoặc quá mẫn, đã ngày càng được báo cáo trong y văn. Tần suất thực sự của KS là không rõ. Tuy nhiên, trong một nghiên cứu nọc độc của côn trùng thách thức chẩn đoán Brown và cộng sự báo cáo rằng 9,5% tình nguyện khỏe mạnh phát triển đau ngực bất thường trên điện tâm đồ phù hợp với thiếu máu cục bộ cơ tim cấp tính. [10]
Category:
CẤP CỨU
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Views:
1462
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Added by:
babacon
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Date:
2014-09-06
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DR. Babacon
- Usually focal in nature.
- May be an indicator of early stages of ARVD.
- Activation is high to low as shown in the inferior leads.
- Transition of the precordial leads helps to determine RVOT vs LVOT origins.
- Chart for different locations
A Look at RVOT VT
The following images were collected from one procedure. The images selected provide some valuable insight to RVOT arrhythmias. To the right of each image is an explanation of what the image displays and what role the information displayed plays in the overall procedure. Note that the first image is a standard surface 12 lead recording. When ectopy presents itself at the start of any procedure, it is important to record a 12 lead. Many times it is difficult to reproduce focal arrhythmias in the lab once a patient is supine or sedated. If you have a 12 lead recording based upon the lead placement within the lab, then you can always resort to pacemapping if the rhyth
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AbstractThe prevalence of coronary artery disease in female patients is increasing due to changing lifestyle patterns including cigarette smoking, diabetes and stress. Since women are delaying childbearing until older age, acute coronary syndrome will more frequently occur during pregnancy. Although rare, acute coronary syndrome during pregnancy often has devastating consequences. It is associated with increased maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity compared with the nonpregnant situation. Furthermore, it constitutes an important problem for the patient and the treating physician, because the selection of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is greatly influenced not only by maternal, but also by fetal safety.
IntroductionCoronary heart disease is a major health problem. Although rare in pregnant women, during pregnancy acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is estimated to occur three- to four-times more often compared with the nonpregnant women in this age group.
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A total of 23 patients that underwent CA (40%) had no ECG confounders (ECG is "otherwise unremarkable”). LMCA disease was found in only 3 of them (13%), LMEQ in 2 (9%) and three vessel disease in 5 (22%). The prevalence of three vessel disease, LMCA or LMEQ was 43%, not different from that of the whole group. A total of 16 patients (70%) underwent revascularization with 30% undergoing PCI and 43% CABG. Most of the patients that underwent CA had positive T waves (53 patients). Among the 4 patients with negative T waves, one had three vessel disease, one LMCA and two nonsignificant coronary artery disease (Table 4). Among the 57 patients that underwent CA, 25 (44%) had dynamic ECG changes and in 17 patient
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MethodsWe collected 142 electrocardiograms (ECGs) with dates ranging from March 2, 2008 to April, 13 2011 from the ones sent for routine reading at the St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital ECG laboratory and read by one investigator (YB). ECGs showing diffuse ST segment depression in > 7 leads with ST-segment elevation in aVR were collected. Patients with left bundle branch block, QRS duration of > 130 msec, ventricular rhythm or ventricular paced rhythm were excluded. The polarity of the T waves in the leads with maximal ST depression was defined as positive if the terminal part of the T wave was > 0.1 mV above the isoelectric line, or negative. Demographic data, date of ECG, the indication for the ECG, presence of elevated cardiac markers, diagnosis of cardiac conditions (non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome [NSTE-ACS], non-ischemic dilated car
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Dilated cardiomyopathy or DCM is a condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged and cannot pump blood efficiently. The decreased heart function can affect the lungs, liver, and other body systems.
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WARREN ISAKOW, MD
Respiratory failure is a common reason for intensive care unit admisson and is the final pathway for a number of disease of differing pathophysiology. an mechanism-based approach enables the clinician to identify the most likely cause for the respiratory failure and to treat appropriately. In general, patients with respiratory failure may be classified into groups, depending on the component of the respiratory system that is involved. Hypercapnic respiratory failure is a consequence of ventilatory failure and is recognized by an elevated PaCO2 above normal (>45mmHg at sea level). This denotes failure of the respiratory pump an can occur with normal lungs. Hypoxemic respiratory failure is a consequence of gas exchange failure and is recognized by hypoxemia ( PaO2 < 60mmHg ) with or without widening of the alveolararterial O2 gradient.
HYPERCAPNIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE
The hallmark of hypercapnic respiratory failure is an elevated PaCO2 above 45mmHg.
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